Let's give a simple example of a business plan. It should be borne in mind that this is only one of the possible options, and presented in a very compressed form.

Target: Produce confectionery products, mainly cakes, for city residents. Take a leading position in the upper price segment of this market.

Tasks:
1. Create a compact confectionery shop.
2. Provide the production process with the necessary raw materials and labor, some of which will be hired.
3. Initially occupy 30% of the market segment through the implementation of a developed marketing strategy, which involves squeezing out the main competitors with dumping prices and new recipes for the consumer.
4. Raise the missing investment funds from the bank using available real estate as collateral.

An example of drawing up a business plan for an enterprise

Let's look at an example of a manufacturing business plan. It is planned to open a small tailoring shop. Let's consider how promising this business is in a specific market.

1. Summary. Opening of small production on January 1, 2014. Form of ownership – LLC. The planned period is 42 months.

2. General provisions. Purchasing equipment that will allow you to use a variety of fabrics and perform different finishes. It is planned to partially raise borrowed funds for the purchase of equipment and rental of premises. The tailoring service will be provided to the population, as well as to legal entities in need of special clothing, as well as sewing curtains and bedding for subsequent sale.

3. Market analysis and marketing plan. Currently there are 350 enterprises represented on the market. Through strict adherence to deadlines and quality, it is planned to create a positive image of the company, which will allow it to occupy a niche in the market.

4. Costs. Estimated direct and variable costs, including wages and premises rental, for 3 years will amount to 13.5 million rubles. Of these, 50 million rubles are own funds. The planned sales volume will be 15 million rubles, which, minus tax deductions, will allow the project to reach payback by the end of the third year.

5. Production schedule. Release of 1000 units of goods.

6. Investments. Attracting partners on the terms of joint business.

Brief example of a business plan

If you are about to open a shoe repair shop, then in the most general form, developing a business plan using an example looks like this:

• — Fixed costs (equipment) – 300 thousand rubles.
• — Variable costs (threads, glue, rent) - 10 thousand rubles.
• — Investment required: 100 thousand rubles in the form of a bank loan at 23% per annum for 10 years with a progressive scale and deferred repayment for 1 year.
• — Form of ownership – individual entrepreneur
• — Tax deductions 24 thousand rubles.
• — Planned revenue is 20 thousand rubles per month.
• — Revenue for 1 year – 97 thousand rubles.
• — Financial result – 73 thousand rubles.

As a result, the entrepreneur has reasons to invest money in this project. The margin of safety is large enough so that possible deviations from the predicted values ​​do not lead to financial collapse.

Example of a business plan with calculations

Opening a small store selling used children's items also requires a preliminary assessment. Enterprise business plan example:

The assessment of goods purchased from the population will be based on the cost of 1 kg.
To begin with, you will need to create an assortment of 100 units.
The cost of 1 kg is 400 conventional units. One product weighs on average 1 kg. Thus, the cost of the product will be 100 * 100 = 40,000 USD. The cost of replenishing working capital will be 100 units, which equals 10,000 USD. per month
The rent of the premises will be 10,000 USD.
Variable costs, including advertising and unforeseen expenses - 10 USD.

Sales volume in the first 6 months will be 130 products per month;
in subsequent years - 280 products per month.
The average unit price will be 250 USD.
Revenue for 1 year = 130 * 250 * 12 + 280 * 250 * 12 = (10,000 * 12,000 + 40,000 + 10,000 * 12 + 10,000 * 12,000) = 420,195 – 361,240 = 58,955.
The tax will be 25,000 USD.
Financial result – 33,955 USD

At first glance, the business seems attractive, given the low input costs and quick payback, but after performing a simple calculation, the entrepreneur will come to the conclusion that the profitability is very low and, although the risk is small (the product is in stable demand), it is unprofitable to engage in this business without achieving scale .

View an example of a business plan

Schematically planning, for example, growing vegetables looks like this:

1. Summary. A summary of the remaining pages is shown here.
2. Marketing part. Who will be the buyer and how will it be possible to conquer the market? Settlement part – 5 tons of carrots for 100,000 USD
3. Costs. Rent of land and equipment – ​​27,000 USD
Payment for hired labor - 30,000 USD.
4. Revenue— 23 USD
5. Sources of financing. Bank loan for 50,000 USD at 18% per annum for 10 years.
6. Financial result— 9 USD

This activity, if the pessimistic scenario is fulfilled, will not generate income at all in the first year. In addition, the entrepreneur will be able to work fully and invest in development only after repaying the entire loan amount.

Download ready-made examples of business plans

On this resource you can download examples of business plans for free. Downloading the file makes it possible to get acquainted with more detailed calculation options, which will allow you not only to understand the essence, but also to make, by analogy, your own calculation to justify the feasibility of investing funds.

If you have no experience at all, it is not at all necessary to order development from a specialized company. It is enough to get acquainted with an example of planning for a similar activity, where you can study in detail the features of market analysis and calculation of production costs for a particular business.

To download, click on the link:

Be sure to watch the video: “What is a business plan?”

Welcome readers of the “site”! Today we will talk in detail about what is a business plan and why is it needed? , how to draw up a business plan as clearly, competently and succinctly as possible (we will provide a sample with calculations), and also provide links so that you can download ready-made examples for free .

This material will be useful to all novice entrepreneurs and businessmen who plan to attract money from banks (investors).

Read more about how to draw up a business plan for a small business yourself, what rules and procedures for drawing up exist, and where to download a ready-made business plan.

Every entrepreneur comes across the concept of a business plan sooner or later.

Business plan(from English business plan) is a project of your business, in which the goals and objectives of its creation are clearly defined. In it, the entrepreneur must describe his actions over a specific period of time to make a profit.

Business plan structure, objectives and strategy

2. Rules for drawing up (writing) a business plan 📝

Rule 1. Study the market situation in advance

Before starting to draw up a business plan, it is necessary to analyze the situation on the market as a whole. Collect as much information as possible about the upcoming enterprise or successful implementation.

Rule 2. Create a clear business strategy and follow it

The business plan must include specific actions throughout a certain period of time.

You must write down your actions month, 3 months, 6 months, year and 3 of the year.

Rule 3. Consider both the pros and cons of the chosen business

In a business plan, you need to describe not only your strengths, but also possible losses, so to speak, weaknesses.

For example , strengths include highly qualified specialists, market recognition, bright brand etc. Possible losses or threats include: great competition, high cost of goods or services.

3. How to write a business plan yourself - the procedure for writing and the structure of a business plan 📑

Regardless of your type of activity, the main components of a business plan will be the same.

How to write a business plan - step-by-step instructions with an example

1. Introduction

The introductory part should not be too lengthy, but it should describe the most important things:

• direction of the enterprise's activity;
• project payback period;
• specific indicators.

Your potential investor should know the time frame for returning his investment and possible losses.

2) Description of services

In this section, describe in detail the direction of your activity. Decide for yourself which market segment you will work with.

Important! Assess your competitors and your advantages over them.

Decide what you plan to focus on in your activities: low cost with high sales volumes, high service, or maybe something else.

To completethissection you need to do the following:

• Give a description and characteristics of the company’s main and secondary products;
• Take photographs of goods and services;
• Create a portrait of your intended consumer;
• Research and test your target market for similar products or services;
• Organize a service;
• Provide a pricing model. Assess the competitiveness of your project on the market.

After carrying out such an analysis, you will definitely understand and be able to highlight the differences between your products in the sales market. You will also clearly formulate what you produce and who needs it.

3) Marketing plan

Marketing plan – perhaps the most important stage in the development of your business. A lot will depend on well-designed marketing. You need to identify your main competitors, understand how they are promoting their project, and do it better.

Business promotion methods can be different:

• Place advertisements on radio, in magazines, on websites. It is only important to determine which format of the advertising project is right for you;
• Be sure to work on direct sales. Starting with “cold calls” to potential customers, ending with the sale of goods and services with the help of representatives;
• Encourage your staff to achieve high results. Come up with promotions and bonuses for employees;
• Find out the most favorable season for your business;

Main, Really assess the situation, do not exaggerate your capabilities. Brainstorm regularly and come up with new routes. Read more about that here.

4) Organizational plan

Specifically write down all the steps of the activity, assign people responsible for performing certain actions. Limit the deadline for completing the task.

5) Financial plan

When drawing up a financial plan, it is necessary to take into account all the little things, dividing expenses into permanent and one-time ones.

• Fixed expenses – this is a monthly office, payment of rent, utilities, Internet, telephone, etc.
• One-time costs – this is the purchase of equipment for work, For example, computers, scanners, phones, etc.

After compiling your expenses, determine for yourself the minimum sales volume that will cover your operating expenses. Everything that is sold from above will be yours profit .

After calculating this, you will determine for yourself break-even point. You could say that this is the purpose of a business plan.

6) Conclusion

The conclusion is intended to attract investors. Optimal partition volume from 2 before 4 pages, which must be indicated:

• The main vector of your company’s activity;
• Project profitability;
• Analysis of the company’s place in the sales market;
• Company personnel, responsible persons;
• Expected qualitative and quantitative indicators for each period.

The “Resume” section should provide answers to 2 main questions:

1. What results can investors expect from favorable business development?
2. What should investors expect in a worst-case scenario?

Of course, it is better to write a conclusion when the business plan has already been practically drawn up.

4. Sample business plan with calculations using the example of an anti-cafe

Let's take a closer look at a ready-made sample business plan using the example of an anti-cafe .

Business plan structure - example "Anticafe"

1) Overview section

In the table we will see all the general information about the project:

№	Titles	Descriptions
1.	Name	"Gloss"
2.	Organizational form	Individual entrepreneur
3.	Services available	Various programs; Events (trainings, seminars); Birthdays;
4.	Location of the organization and sales market	Stavropol
5.	Operating mode	From 11.00 until the last client.
6.	Establishment staff	Supervisor - 1 people Administrator – 1 people Service staff - 3 people Director - 1 people security – 1 people
7.	Required starting capital	500 000 rubles
8.	Expenses	167 000 rubles
9.	Return on investment period	10-11 months
10.	Competition	Small
11.	Organization income	216 000 rubles
12.	Organizational loss	167 000 rubles
13.	Organizational profit	49 000 rubles

2) Goods and services

For the time spent in the anti-cafe, an amount will be charged 2 RUR/min . For this money the cafe will provide services such as:

• Mini library, you can retire and read books;
• Lots of games for large groups (mafia, board games);
• Game console;
• Karaoke, projector, tablets;
• Various courses can be arranged For example, English, Spanish, psychology, makeup training;
• You can also order banquets, children's birthdays;
• Wi-Fi is available and any visitor can use it;
• Tea, coffee and various sweets.

Ideal clients: older people 17 -45 years of age who live an active life; they have an average income; without bad habbits; these people like to spend time profitably; they would like to receive good knowledge and great emotions.

The client must be taken to the cafe near 22 hours per month. From this the profit per person is calculated around 3600 rubles per month.

3) Marketing strategy

There is currently one cafe in this segment in the city. It poses a potential threat since they already have an established customer base.

• Social networks (Instagram, telegram and others);
• SMS mailings;
• Discounts, coupons;
• Radio announcements.

Promotion strategy for a new anti-cafe:

1. Direct attraction. Searching for clients or organizations that will come to us in a large group. Conducting children's matinees. Discounts for regular customers. Advertising in institutions.
2. Advertising on Odnoklassniki, Agent and many different networks. Reaching a group of people who are at home. Advertising on social networks allows you to obtain a lot of information from customers and very quickly answer all questions of interest, while requiring very little financial costs.
3. Building partnerships with companies that specialize in various holidays, show programs, corporate evenings, etc.
4. Club card. This card gives you the right to spend as much time as you like in the anti-cafe. Price 4 800 rubles, validity period 1 month.
5. Radio advertising. After a month of work, a story about events in the anti-cafe.

Such a business has seasonality . The anti-cafe has the highest attendance in autumn and winter seasons. And in the summer and spring there are fewer clients ↓.

Therefore, the plan should be drawn up in such a way as to increase profit several times, so as not to go into lesion .

№	Name	Deadlines	Responsible	Results and notes
1	Study	01.01.14 – 01.02.14	Manager	We have proven all our data
2	Recruitment	01.02.14 – 01.03.14	Manager	Found employees
3	Search for premises	01.03.14 – 01.04.14	Manager	Found a room based on the criteria
4	Repair	01.04.14 – 01.05.14	Manager	Repairs made to all requirements
5	We purchase equipment	01.05.14 – 01.06.14	Manager	Delivery to your place
6	Approval of the action plan	01.06.14 – 03.06.14	Director	Agreements have been concluded
7	We are registering	01.06.14 – 03.06.14	Manager	Purchased a cash register and documents
8	Advertising	03.06.14 – 10.06.14	We are hiring a specialist	Conducted advertising on all points
9	Opening	12.06.13	Manager	Everything went great, there were a lot of competitions and gifts, there were journalists, everyone knew about us

4) Financial plan

№	Expenses	Quantity (pcs.)	Cost, rub.)	Amount (rub.)
1	Purchase of equipment	50	5 000	250 000
2	Purchase of inventory	100	1 000	100 000
3	Finishing work	1	150 000	150 000
Total:				500 000

5) Conclusions

№	Name	Quantity	Cost, rub.)	Amount (rub.)
1	Building rental (150 sq.m.)	1 month	40 000	40 000
2	Payment of wages	6 people	15 000	90 000
3	Public utilities	1 month	5 000	5 000
4	Products	700 sets	10	7 000
5	Taxes	1 month	15 000	15 000
6	Deductions for depreciation	1 month	10 000	10 000
Total:				167 000

Having analyzed all expenses for the reporting month, we can say if the establishment’s profit will be greater 167 000 rubles, that's what it will be break-even point .

Given:

Simultaneous costs = 500 000 rubles
Expense per month = 167 000 rubles

Find: Payback period -?

Solution :

Payback period = One-time costs / emergency per month

1) We find an emergency per month

Emergency per month = Income per month - Expense per month

Profit for the month = (Profit per day) * 30 days = ( 30 Human * 2 hours * 120 rubles/hour) * 30 days = 216 000 rubles
Emergency per month = 216,000 rubles - 167,000 rubles = 49,000 rubles

2) Finding the payback period

Payback period = 500,000 rubles (down payment) / 49,000 rubles (PE per month) = 10 months

*Of course, all calculations made above are approximate and may differ from region to region.

5. Ready-made business plan examples for free + template 📎

We present a ready-made template for writing your plan, into which you can easily enter your data for calculations and overview analytics.

📌

Why do you need a business plan? Most will probably answer - to get a loan from a bank. This statement is true, but only partly. First of all, the entrepreneur himself needs a plan in order to understand the size of the initial investment for starting, how long it will take to reach self-sufficiency and forecast revenue indicators, assess the level of profitability, payback period of investments and many other parameters.

Very often, a beginning businessman (and not only beginners) does all planning and calculations “by eye” on a napkin or in his head (and sometimes does not do it at all), forgetting about many costly items, which results in many mistakes and leads to bankruptcy.

Typical mistakes: when determining investments, the costs of financing activities before reaching self-sufficiency are not taken into account, the amount of inventory is incorrectly determined (the amount of goods and materials is set for one month, and based on the turnover period, reserves for 3 months are required), taxes and insurance contributions are not taken into account in the calculation of the wage fund , the need for personnel is incorrectly calculated and many others.

A correctly drawn up business plan with detailed calculations is the key to a successful start in any business activity, which will allow you to cut out unprofitable options at the forecasting stage and, as a result, protect yourself from losing your own investments or the funds of the investor (creditor).

Let's say you plan to install, the calculation shows that the full payback will be 5 years, it is obvious that this will not be the right investment, it is unlikely that the machine will work without breakdowns for such a period of time. (For reference: the optimal payback for this type of activity is 12-18 months.)

What’s better - buy a ready-made business plan or make it yourself? If we are talking about a small business, then you definitely need to do it yourself. This will allow you to dive deeper into the project, understand its essence, and sort out the economics of future activities for yourself. Well, if you want to organize a production that requires multi-billion dollar investments, then you cannot do without the help of specialists.

On the site you will find samples of ready-made business models with all the calculations, which you can use as the basis for drawing up a feasibility study for your specific project.

Algorithm of actions

1. Familiarization with the provided sample feasibility study.
2. Collection of statistical data for a specific region where business activities will be carried out.
3. Conducting marketing research: identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the project ().
4. Updating information on the economic part: searching for potential and raw materials, requesting commercial proposals, recalculating costs and determining the final price based on current market realities, as well as determining the level of profitability.
5. Conducting a stress test of the figures reflected in the calculation (what will be the payback if the revenue is N percent less than planned). Based on the data obtained, drawing up several options for the development of the event: conservative, realistic and optimal.
6. carrying out economic activities.
7. Choosing the most profitable one (studying legal schemes for reducing the tax burden).

Based on the analysis and generalization of the information received, you draw up your own economic justification for the project, with the help of which you can determine the feasibility of investing money.

Please note that you can download any business plan you like for free. If there is no download form somewhere, you can ask a question through a special form, and within a short time we will add this feature. Through this form, you can also clarify any point regarding the described model, and we will try to find a specialist to provide competent advice on the point that interests you.

It is a document that highlights all the characteristics of the future organization, analyzes possible problems and risks, predicts them and methods by which they can be avoided.

Simply put, a business plan for an investor is the answer to the question “Should I finance the project or throw it in the trash?”

Important! A business plan is drawn up on paper, taking into account some procedures and rules. This presentation of the project to some extent materializes your idea and shows your desire and willingness to work. Also, putting it on paper makes it easier for investors to perceive the idea.

Drawing up a business plan yourself

Making a business plan yourself is not that difficult, you just need to think about the idea carefully. Before you grab a calculator and calculate your income, there are several steps you need to take.

1. Identify the “pros” and “cons” of the idea that has arisen. If the number of “minuses” is off the charts, don’t rush to give up. Some aspects can be turned in the opposite direction, think about ways to solve such “cons”.
2. Important characteristics are competitiveness and market sustainability.
3. The sales market needs to be thought through to the smallest detail.
4. The payback of the product (service) and the time of receiving the first profit will allow you to determine (approximately) the required amount for investment.

If after such a superficial analysis you don’t want to abandon your brainchild, then it’s time to take a clean slate and start creating a business plan.

It is important to know! There is no single structure and step-by-step instructions on how to calculate a business plan. Therefore, the presence and order of items included in the plan are determined independently. However, experts have established the most optimal plan structure option. If you have no experience in drafting such documents, you need to use these recommendations to correctly compose your work.

Structure and procedure for drawing up a business plan

The structure of a good business plan, according to economists, should include 12 points. Each of them is described below.

Title page

The following parameters are specified here:

• name of the project;
• name of the organization where the project is planned to be implemented, indicating telephone numbers, addresses and other contact information;
• head of the above organization;
• developer (team or manager) of a business plan;
• date of document preparation;
• It is allowed to include the most significant indicators of financial calculations for the project on the first sheet.

This document is necessary to protect the copyright of the idea and business plan. This reflects the reader's awareness that he does not have the right to distribute the information contained in the document without the permission of the author. There may also be an instruction prohibiting copying, duplicating the document, or transferring it to another person, or a requirement to return the read business plan to the author if the investor does not accept the agreement.

An example of a confidentiality memorandum can be seen below.

The next 2 sections of the plan – “Brief Summary” and “Main Idea of ​​the Project” – are introductory. They can be used as a preliminary proposal (for review) to partners and investors until negotiations are scheduled.

Brief summary

Although a brief summary of such a document is at the beginning, it is written at the final stage, as a summary. A summary is a short description of the project idea and a list of the most significant characteristics of the financial component.

The following questions will help, answering which can lead to an excellent resume:

1. What product does the company plan to sell?
2. Who would want to buy this product?
3. What is the planned sales (production) volume for the first year of the company’s operation? What will be the revenue?
4. What is the total cost of the project?
5. How will the enterprise be formed according to its organizational and legal form?
6. How many workers are planned to be recruited?
7. What is the required amount of capital investment to implement the project?
8. What are the sources of funding for this project?
9. How much is the total profit (profitability) for a specific period, the payback period, the amount of cash at the end of the first year of operation of the enterprise, profitability. Net present value.

It is important to know! The summary is read by the investor first. Therefore, the future fate of the project depends on this section: the investor will either become interested or bored. This part should not exceed 1 page.

Main idea of ​​the project

1. What is the main project goal?
2. What are the objectives of the enterprise to achieve the main goal?
3. Are there any obstacles to your goal and how to get around them?
4. What exact actions does the author propose to perform in order to achieve results and achieve the goal as soon as possible? What are these deadlines?

Important! It is necessary to provide clear, real and explicit arguments that will confirm confidence in the profitability and success of the project. The volume of this part is optimal within 1-2 pages.

In this section, it is customary to use the conducted SWOT analysis – assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the enterprise, opportunities (prospects), as well as possible threats. It is unlikely that you will be able to make a business plan correctly and as completely as possible without such an analysis.

A SWOT analysis reflects 2 aspects that influence the life of an organization: internal, relating to the enterprise itself, and external (everything outside the company that it cannot change).

Do not forget: You are describing a company, not a product! A common mistake authors make is that they start writing product characteristics in the “strength” column.

Here are some parameters you can use to describe strengths or weaknesses:

• high-tech production;
• service and after sales service;
• versatility of the product (without affecting its specific properties);
• level of qualifications and professionalism of employees;
• level of technical equipment of the enterprise.

External factors (“opportunities” and “threats”) include:

• market growth rate;
• level of competition;
• political situation in the region, country;
• features of legislation;
• features of consumer solvency.

Example

Characteristics of the industry on the market

• dynamics of sales of similar products in the industry in recent years;
• market industry growth rate;
• trends and features of pricing;
• comprehensive assessment of competitors;
• search and identification of new and young enterprises in the industry, as well as characteristics of their activities;
• description of the consumer market, their desires, intentions, requirements, opportunities;
• assessment of the possible impact of scientific, social, economic aspects;
• prospects for development in the market.

Essence of the project

This section reveals the idea, the subject of the business plan. It also reflects the level of preparedness of the enterprise to go “into the world”, the availability of all the funds required for this.

The most important provisions in this section:

• primary goals;
• description of the target consumer segment;
• key performance factors for market success;
• a detailed presentation of the product, the characteristics of which must be within the market segment defined above;
• stage of product development (if production has started), patent and copyright purity;
• characteristics of the organization;
• the total cost of the project, indicating the financing schedule by periods and investment amounts;
• required initial expenses for a marketing campaign and the formation of a coherent organizational structure.

Marketing plan

The objectives, goals of marketing policy and methods for solving and achieving them are indicated here. It is important to indicate which task is intended for which personnel, in what time frame it is required to be completed and with the help of which tools. The funds required for the latter also need to be indicated.

Marketing plan is a strategy, a set of sequential and/or simultaneous steps created to attract consumers and provide effective returns on their part.

The investor will be attentive to such points as:

• a well-developed system of comprehensive market research and analysis;
• the planned volume of sales of goods (services) and its assortment, scheduled by time periods until the enterprise reaches full capacity;
• ways to improve products;
• description of product packaging and pricing policy;
• procurement and sales system;
• advertising strategy – clearly formulated and understandable;
• service planning;
• control over the implementation of the marketing strategy.

Production plan

Everything that directly concerns the creation of products is reflected in this part. Therefore, it is advisable to compile this section only for those companies that plan not only distribution, but also production of products.

Points that must be specified:

• required production capacity;
• detailed interpretation of the technological process;
• a detailed description of the operations entrusted to subcontractors;
• necessary equipment, its characteristics, cost and method of purchase or rental;
• subcontractors;
• required area for production;
• raw materials, resources.

It is important to indicate the cost of everything that requires expenses.

Organizational plan

At this stage, the principles of organizational strategic management of the company are developed. If the enterprise already exists, then this point is still mandatory: the compliance of the existing structure with the intended goals is determined here. The organizational part must certainly contain the following data:

• name of the organizational and legal form (individual entrepreneur, JSC, partnership and others);
• an organizational management system that reflects the structure in the form of a diagram, regulations and instructions, communication and dependence of departments;
• founders, their description and data;
• management team;
• interaction with staff;
• supplying the management system with the necessary material and technical resources;
• location of the company.

Financial plan

This chapter of the business plan provides a comprehensive economic assessment of the written project, accompanied by calculations of the level of profitability, payback period, and financial stability of the enterprise.

A financial plan is very important for an investor; here it determines whether a given project is attractive to him.

Here you need to make some calculations and summarize them:

Risk analysis

In a risk analysis, the author must examine the project and identify potential threats that could lead to decreased revenue. It is necessary to take into account financial, industry, natural, social and other risks. At the same time, it is necessary to develop a detailed and effective plan to prevent them or minimize the impact on the company. Therefore, the business plan must indicate:

• a list of all potential problems;
• a set of techniques and tools that prevent, eliminate or minimize risks;
• models of the company’s behavior when events occur that are not conducive to its development;
• justification for the low probability of such problems occurring.

Applications

This is the last link in the structure of a business plan. It includes documents, quotes, sources, copies of contracts, agreements, certificates, letters from consumers, partners, statistical data, calculation tables used in the preparation of this document. It is required to insert links and footnotes to the appendices in the text of the business plan.

General requirements for the document

• it is necessary to write a business plan in clear, precise language, without long and complex formulations;
• desired volume – 20-25 pages;
• the business plan must cover all the information required by the investor in full;
• the document must necessarily be based on real facts, substantiated rational proposals;
• the plan must have a strategic foundation: strict, delineated and complete, with clear targets;
• interconnectedness, complexity and consistency are important features of drawing up a plan;
• the investor must see the future, prospects for the development of the project idea;
• The flexibility of the business plan is a significant plus. If adjustments can be made, amendments to the written project are a pleasant bonus for the investor;
• conditions and modes of control over the functioning of the enterprise should become part of the business plan.

Making a business plan from scratch without the help of a specialist is not easy, but it is possible. It is important to adhere to the above rules, construction structure and avoid mistakes.

The most common mistakes

• Illiterate syllable

The rules of language cannot be ignored. It often happens that the most incredible and promising idea goes into the trash bin along with a bunch of plans of mediocre IP specialists. And all because errors in spelling, vocabulary, punctuation and poor presentation of the text completely discourage any investor.

• Careless design

The design should be the same throughout the document: bullets, headings, lists, font, size, numbering, spacing, etc. Contents, headings, numbering, names of figures and tables, designation of data in graphs are required!

• Incomplete plan

To properly draw up a business plan, you need a comprehensive amount of information. The sections of the document listed above are the minimum that should be unconditionally included in the project.

• Vague plan

The work should be “like in a pharmacy on a scale.” Clear, defined, specific statements of goals and (important!) ideas.

• Too many details

An abundance of technical, financial, and marketing terms will only help in exams. For a business plan, you need to select only the most significant details. If there is a great need for a thorough description of a process, then you can add it to the appendix.

• Unrealistic data

Business proposals like these are based on assumptions. Therefore, the author needs to approach the idea rationally and have a reasonable background, a real reason, supported by calculations.

• Few facts

For each assumption there is its own justification - real, valid. Facts give work meaning and confidence. You shouldn’t create a fountain of facts either, but if you get carried away, then look at the rule about details.

• “We have no risks!”

The main rule: there is no business without risk. There is no such business in which it is “quiet and calm.” The investor knows this, and the author should know this. Therefore, it’s time to come down from the clouds to the ground and study, explore, analyze.

• “And we have no competitors either!”

There is always a competitor, as well as a risk. It can be direct or indirect. Study this topic carefully and meticulously, and a rival will definitely appear on the horizon, waving his hand at you.

• Neglecting outside help

Creating a business plan yourself does not mean doing absolutely everything yourself. Moreover, obtaining a high-quality result is possible through the joint efforts of several specialists. Don't be afraid of helpers!

Do you want to open a business, but don't know where to start? Then you cannot do without a clear and well-thought-out action plan. In this section, you will find a proven and simple business plan that will help you create a successful business and weather economic storms.

Business areas

Investment size

In the modern world, where competition between entrepreneurs is very serious, a beginning businessman must either have a lot of capital to invest in his business, or have an original idea for a business. Opening a company that rents out children's toys would be a great idea for a budding entrepreneur.

So much has been said about the beneficial properties of honey that there is not even anything to add. It is one of the most useful products for the human body - it strengthens the immune system well thanks to its unique composition, rich in vitamins, beneficial phytoncides and enzymes. This is a product that is in good demand all year round.

Diapers are a necessity for every parent. That is why the demand for them does not fall from year to year. Today, the production of sanitary and hygienic products remains one of the most growing segments of the children's goods market. According to some data, its growth rate is more than 10% per year. The main factors that have a direct impact on its development are the increase in the birth rate, stability in incomes of the population or their growth, and the popularization of the consumption of children's goods.

In recent years, the issue of a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition has become one of the most pressing. From the media, posters and slogans you can often hear calls for sports. It is sports activities that lead to an increase in life expectancy among the population. Owners of sports schools and fitness centers only welcome such government initiatives.

All over the world, toys made of wood are very popular. They represent one of the oldest product groups. However, in Russia their production is now quite poorly developed. Only a few (just over 30) relatively large enterprises have managed to establish themselves in the market. In Europe, for comparison, there are several hundred of them.

Photo books appeared in our country after 2000. They replaced flash drives and disks as a more compact storage medium. The book has the appearance of a magazine, where the pages are replaced with large professional photographs and collages. Many consider such production as a profitable business idea with quick payback and high profitability.

From 200,000 rub.

Opening your own business is always an exciting and, at the same time, interesting process that can radically change your life. A person has the right to choose any activity that he wants to implement, the main thing is that it does not violate the legislation of the country.

In rural areas, residents have always raised geese. They are found in almost every home, but, as a rule, they are grown only for their own family. Few people think that breeding geese as a business is an excellent and profitable idea.

Canteens, cafes, stalls selling fast food - today you can find them at every turn. However, starting your own business is not as easy as it might seem. More than 70% of new establishments cannot withstand the competition and close within a few years without ever paying for themselves. In addition to the large number of competitors, there are several other nuances that put the business at risk.

From 700,000 rub.

Modern man lives in a fast pace. Intense workloads and an abundance of stressful situations lead to the accumulation of fatigue. To shake things up and take a break from the daily routine, people prefer various types of recreation. For supporters of active forms of entertainment and seekers of new sensations, a game called laser tag is perfect.

Competition in the construction and finishing industry is very high. Every year, thousands of companies engaged in interior decoration are opened all over Russia, and the same number are closed due to unprofitability. How to open an apartment renovation business and succeed in it?

The recycling business isn't just about collecting cans, bottles and old paper. In fact, most profitable recycling businesses concentrate on working with waste wood. Wood waste is a recyclable material that is generated from municipal solid waste (MSW), industrial and commercial waste, and construction and demolition waste.

Manufacturing food products in Russia is one of the most profitable businesses. But the wide range of available products means that not every product finds its buyer. Before choosing a type of business, you should find out how profitable it is. Sunflower oil production is an interesting business that attracts many entrepreneurs.

An aquarium is a striking decoration for homes, office spaces, entertainment centers, shopping galleries, restaurants and shops. This popularity is due to the huge variety of their design. In addition, they attract the eye with their beauty, bright colors and exoticism. The consumer does not always find the ready-made aquarium he needs in the store, suitable in shape, size, design and price.

There are no analogues to polypropylene bags; they are distinguished not only by their high strength, but also by their ease of manufacture. In times of crisis, this is one of the best ideas that will help you earn good money for a long time. Today we need to learn how to set up the production of polypropylene bags, and what capital may be needed.

Own car wash for trucks is a relevant business for Russia. The roads along which cars rush will always bring a large number of problems. The peculiarity of such a business is that there are a lot of such car washes for cars, but only a few for trucks, and you won’t find them in every city.

Just 30 years ago, laundries and dry cleaners were distributed throughout the country. However, time passed, the demand for the services of commercial laundries and dry cleaners fell, state-owned enterprises were closed, and those that had once passed into private hands became hopelessly outdated. The old equipment coped with its functions worse and worse, and new ones were not purchased. Over time, the number of dry cleaners and public laundries was reduced to a minimum.

Sports and a healthy lifestyle are a business niche that is actively developing and is in constant demand among the population. Statistics show that the demand for gym services is constantly growing, but there are still not enough offers to meet the needs. It is for this reason that more and more often novice entrepreneurs choose the field of sports and physical education and wonder how to open a sports club from scratch.

Until recently, ostriches in Russia were a curiosity that could only be found in zoos. Times have changed and, adopting foreign experience, Russian farmers have noticed that breeding ostriches is a profitable business. Looking at Europe and the US, the demand for dietary meat is growing. More than 1,000 farms have opened in recent years, but demand still exceeds supply.

In the economic realities of modern Russia, trying to open your own business is akin to playing roulette. The competition for raw materials and sales markets is so high that a newcomer is not always able to gain a foothold in the market, much less develop his business to at least medium size. Therefore, already at the planning stage, you should calculate all possible risks, pros and cons

A business plan is first and foremost necessary for the entrepreneur himself. Calculations allow you to find out the amount of required starting capital and payback time. Detailed calculations put everything in its place and make it possible to abandon a hopeless project, for example with a payback of ten years or more, even before investing funds.

Planning the activities of an enterprise provides an opportunity to take into account all possible risks and prevent them, to develop a plan “B” in advance. Without a thoughtful and detailed business plan, you will not be able to attract investment either from a bank or from private investors.

Should I buy a ready-made business project or do it myself?

If you are looking for a business plan for a small business, you definitely need to do it yourself. In the process of calculations and planning, an entrepreneur will be able to delve deeper into the essence of the business being opened and avoid many mistakes.

To correctly draw up a real business plan for a company, you need to have deep knowledge of tax and labor legislation, accounting and financial accounting, management and, of course, become familiar with the market segment in which you plan to operate.

If you are just taking your first steps in entrepreneurship and do not have a specialized education or practical business planning skills, use our database. It presents examples of business plans for small businesses that have been successfully implemented and proven their worth. All projects are systematized, all you have to do is select a ready-made example and, based on a ready-made template with the formulas already given, make your calculations.

As for opening a large industrial company, the opening of which involves billions of dollars in investment, it is better to entrust the development of a business plan for production to a team of specialists. The larger the project, the more subtleties there are. Well, the examples presented will help you initially assess the approximate size of the investment and the prospects of the project.

Our database contains detailed business plans with calculations for:

Opening of stores of various types, enterprises for wholesale trade;

Enterprises producing construction materials;

Agricultural and food processing enterprises;

Enterprises in the service sector: cafes, restaurants, beauty salons, etc.;

Amusement parks;

Vending (installation of vending machines: coffee, toys, photo machines, etc.);

Mini-productions, etc.;

Online stores;

Opening a shop with hand-made goods, etc.;

Social projects, etc.

Note! Our website provides typical examples of business plans with calculations and is intended for your reference. The market, like prices, is in flux. Therefore, the figures given can only be used as a basis. Before starting the project, you need to calculate everything in detail based on the given algorithm.

How to use business ideas from our database: algorithm of actions

We study in detail an example of a business plan. We evaluate the volume of investment and payback period - if these parameters are not suitable, we look for another direction. If the decision is positive, we move on to the next point;

We analyze the local market (where we will operate). The ideal option is to combine ready-made data from industry experts (can be found on the Internet, newspapers, television business channels) and independently evaluate the activities of competing enterprises;

Marketing research: analysis of competitors’ activities, current prices for similar services, calculation of market capacity, average monthly and average annual revenue, taking into account seasonal fluctuations;

Cost estimation: we are looking for suppliers of equipment and raw materials;

Determination of the legal form and tax regime, calculation of tax deductions, salaries to employees.

After all the research and calculations, we must get the main figures - the size of the investment, profitability and payback period.

Typical mistakes of a novice businessman when drawing up a business plan

When calculating a business project, novice businessmen most often make a number of typical mistakes:

When determining investments, the cost of purchasing raw materials for only one month is taken into account, while it usually takes three to six months to achieve self-sufficiency;

When calculating salaries, the actual number of personnel is underestimated, and sick leave and tax deductions for each employee are not taken into account;

The costs of utilities are not taken into account or are underestimated: payment for electricity, water and gas supply.